·
Subject
The Subject is the agent of the sentence in the
active Voice. Subject is the person or thing that does the action of the
sentence, and subject normally precedes the verb.
Note: Every sentence in English must have a
Subject
e.g. Coffee
is delicious
Milk contains calcium
The subject may be a noun phrase. A noun phrase
is a group of words ending with a noun. (it CANNOT begin with a preposition).
e.g. The book
is on the table
That new red car is John’s
In some sentences there is not a
true subject. However it and there can often act as pseudo-subjects and should
be considered as subjects.
e.g.
It is a nice day today
There
was a fire in that building last month
·
Verb
The Verb follows the subject, it
generally shows the action
of the sentence.
Note: Every sentence must
have a verb
e.g.
John drives too fast
They hate
spinach
The verb may be a verb phrase. A
verb Phrase consists of one or more auxiliaries and one main
verb. The auxiliaries always
precede the main verb.
e.g.
John is going to Miami tomorrow
(auxiliary
is; main verb going)
Jane has
been reading that book
(auxiliary
has, been; main verb reading)
·
Complement
A complement completes the verb.
It is similar to the subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase,
However, it generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active
voice.
Note:Every sentence does not
require a complement.
The complement CANNOT begin with
a preposition.
e.g.
He was smoking a cigarette
John bought a
cake yesterday
·
Modifier
Modifier tells the time, place
or manner of the action. Very often it is a prepositional Phrase. Prepositional
Phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.
Note: A modifier of time usually
comes last if more than one modifier is present.
e.g.
of prepositional phrases
in the morning, at the university, on the table
A modifier can also be an adverb
or an adverbial phrase: Last night, hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterday
e.g.
John bought a book at the bookstore
modifier of place
Jill was
swimming in the pool yesterday
modifier of place modifier of time
Note:
The modifier normally follows
the complement, but not always. However, the modifier, especially when it is a
prepositional phrase, usually cannot separate the verb and the complement.
e.g.
She drove the car on the street
verb complement
Exercise 1
Identify the subject, verb,
complement and modifier in each of the following sentence. Remember that not
every sentence has a complement or modifier.
Example: Jill / is buying / a
new hat / in the store
subject verb phrase complement
modifier of place
1. George is cooking dinner
tonight
2. Henry and Marcia have visited
the president
3. We eat lunch in this restaurant
today
4. Pat should have bought
gasoline yesterday
5. Trees grow
6. It was raining at seven
o’clock this morning
7. She opened her book
8. Harry is washing dishes right
now
9. She opened her book
10. Paul, William, and Marry
were watching television a few minutes ago.
Answer:
1. George/ is cooking/ dinner
/tonight
(subject) (verb phrase)
(complement) (modifier of time)
2. Henry and Marcia/ have
visited/ the president
(subject) (verb phrase)
(complement)
3. We /eat/ lunch /in this
restaurant /today
(subject) (verb phrase)
(complement) (modifier of place)(modifier of time)
4. Pat /should have bought
/gasoline /yesterday
(subject) (verb phrase)
(complement) (modifier of time)
5. Trees /grows
(subject) (verb phrase)
6. It/ was raining /at seven
o’clock this morning
(subject) (verb phrase)
(modifier of time)
7. She /opened /her book
(subject) (verb phrase)
(complement)
8. Harry /is washing /dishes
/right now
(subject) (verb phrase)
(complement) (modifier of time)
9. She /opened /her book
(subject) (verb phrase)
(complement)
10. Paul, William, and Marry/
were watching /television /a few minutes ago
(subject) (verb phrase)
(complement) (modifier of time)
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